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Long
before the arrival of Europeans, the Australian aborigines
created elaborate paintings on rock and bark. Early paintings
by European immigrants are valued as a record of the settlement
of the country. In the 1880s a new generation of Australian
artists of European origin, free from the discipline of
European art, captured the unique Australian scenery,
its light, and atmospheric colour. This group of painters
was known as the Heidelberg School. The paintings of Sidney
Nolan, based on themes derived from Australia became a
commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. It was able
to take advantage of its natural resources to rapidly
develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries
and to make a major contribution to the British effort
in World Wars I and II. Australian history and folklore,
have achieved world renown. Modern aboriginal artists,
drawing on traditional aboriginal styles and themes, have
become popular in Europe and North America in the late
20th century. A referendum to change Australia's status,
from a commonwealth headed by the British monarch to a
republic, was defeated in 1999.
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